Education

B.S., Agronomy, University of Nebraska, 1967

M.S., Agronomy, University of Illinois, 1971

Ph.D., Genetics, University of Nebraska, 1974

Research Interests

Plant genetics/genetics and plant physiology and crop production, and the interphase between these two have been my long-term research interests. I was a member of a national research team that developed the first soybean genetic map of 20 linkage groups (Cregan et al., 1999). That genetic map was upgraded to 1845 markers plus 150 classical markers (Song et al., 2004). Later on, I was a member of the research team the sequenced the soybean Genome. In terms of the physiology of soybean yield response to a gradient of water supply ranging from water abundance to water scarcity, I discovered that this response was exceptionally linear, and that there were genotypic differentials in the linear regression coefficient from shallow to steep that delineated those genotypes into slow water users and high water users. The former were suitable for production environments that were prone to protracted droughts or soils of low water-holding capacity.  In contrast, the latter were more suitable for high rainfall or irrigated environments. Some more recent accomplishments have involved the use of genomics to search for genes that govern soybean seed protein & oil content. Finally, I was a lead PI with respect to developing the national Nested Associated Mapping (NAM) Populations that will serve as an exceptionally valuable resource for the Soybean Genetics and Physiology Research Community for many years hence.   

Courses Taught

• AGRO 896A (even-numbered years) Linkage Mapping and QTL Analysis.
• AGRO 896B (odd-numbered years) Plant and Crop Response to Abiotic Stress.

Extension Interests

I had no extension appointment before retirement, but did and continue to serve as a scientific expert and liaison for Nebraska soybean producers, and their State level organizations (Nebraska Soybean Board; Nebraska Soybean Association), and at the National level organizations (United Soybean Board; American Soybean Association).

Honors and Awards

• Larry Tonniges Research Achievement Award, Nebraska Soybean Board, March 22, 2023
• Public Service to Agriculture Award, Nebraska Agri-Business Club, Nov. 3, 2016
• Outstanding Achievement Award, Highest Recognition Award Bestowed by the United (States) Soybean Board, March 4, 2016
• Louise Pound-George Howard Distinguished Career Service Award, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, April 12, 2015
• Special Meritorious Service Award, American Soybean Association, Feb. 23, 2015
• Inducted as a Member, Nebraska Hall of Agricultural Achievement, March 23, 2012
• Soybean Promoter Award, Nebraska Soybean Association, Dec. 20, 2007
• Crop Science Research Award, Crop Science Society of America, Nov. 5, 1996
• Sigma Xi Research Award, Sigma Xi, University of Nebraska Chapter, April 10, 1996
• Production Research Award, American Soybean Association, Feb. 26, 1996
• Agronomic Achievement Award - Crops,  American Society of Agronomy, Nov. 16, 1994
• Fellow, Crop Science Society of America, Oct. 17, 1989
• Fellow, American Society of Agronomy, Nov. 30, 1988 
• Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Feb. 18, 1987
• Research Award of Merit,  Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter, Nov. 24, 1985
• Research Recognition Award,  American Soybean Association, August 1, 1981
• Sigma Xi Research Honorary, One of 12 University of Nebraska–Lincoln seniors so selected, May 1, 1967
• Gamma Sigma Delta, A national honor society of agriculture, May 16, 1967

Publications

Jim Specht’s authored/co-authored Refereed Journal Articles chronologically ordered from newest to oldest but only listed here if cited 50 or more times (79 of the 155 total articles): 

Asterisked *number* for each below citation is the Google Scholar™ citation number as of 8-07-2025 (coloredif:  ≥ 50;  ≥ 100;  ≥ 500). 

Jim Specht Google Scholar

Google Scholar h-index is 71. Defined: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10025721/

146. *68* Fliege, C., R.A. Ward, P. Vogel, H. Nguyen, T. Quach, M. Guo, J.P.G. Viana, L. Borges dos Santos, J.E. Specht, T.E. Clemente, M E. Hudson, and B.W. Diers. 2022. Fine Mapping and Cloning of the Major Seed Protein QTL on Soybean Chromosome 20. The Plant Journal 110(1):114-128.

143. *57* Monzon, J.P., N. Cafaro La Menza, A. Cerrudo, M. Canepa, J.I. Rattalino Edreira, J.E. Specht, F.H. Andrade, and P. Grassini. 2021. Critical period for seed number determination in soybean as determined by crop growth rate, duration, and dry matter accumulation. Field Crops Research 261:108016.

141. *53* Cafaro La Menza, N., J.P. Monzon, J.L. Lindquist, T.J. Arkebauer, J.M.H. Knops, M. Unkovich, J.E.Specht, and P. Grassini. 2020. Insufficient nitrogen supply from symbiotic fixation reduces seasonal crop growth and nitrogen mobilization to seed in highly productive soybean crops. Plant Cell & Environment 43:1958-1972. 

139. *95* Mourtzinis, S., J.E. Specht, and S.P. Conley. 2019. Defining optimal soybean sowing dates across the US. Scientific Reports 9:2800. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38971-3.

138. *50* Cafaro La Menza, N., J.P. Monzon, J.E.Specht, J.L. Lindquist, T.J. Arkebauer, G.L. Graef, and P. Grassini. 2019. Nitrogen limitation in high-yield soybean: seed yield, N accumulation, and N-use efficiency. Field Crops Research 237:74-81

137. *75* Andrade, J.F., J.I. Rattalino Edreira, S. Mourtzinis, S.P. Conley, I.A. Ciampitti, J.E. Dunphy, J.M. Gaska, K. Glewen, D.L. Holshouser, H.J. Kandel, P. Kyveryga, C.D. Lee, M.A. Licht, ;L.E. Lindsey, M.A. McClure, S. Naeve, E.D. Nafziger, J.M. Orlowsky, J. Rosso, M.J. Staton, L. Thompson, J.E. Specht, and P. Grassini. 2019. Assessing the influence of row spacing on soybean yield using experimental and producer survey data. Field Crops Research 230:98-106.

136. *133* Diers, B.W., J. Specht, K. Martin Rainey, P. Cregan, Q. Song, V. Ramasubramanian, G. Graef, R. Nelson, W. Schapaugh, D. Wang, G. Shannon, L. McHale, S.K. Kantartzi, A. Xavier, R. Mian, R.M. Stupar, J.M. Michno, Y.-Q. C. An, W. Goettel, R. Ward, C. Fox, A. Lipka, D. Hyten, T. Cary, and W.D. Beavis. 2018. Genetic Architecture of Soybean Yield and Agronomic Traits. G3-Genes Genomes Genetics 8:3367-3375.

135. *87* Xavier, A. D. Jarquin, R. Howard, V. Ramasubramanian, J.E. Specht, G.L. Graef, W.D. Beavis, B.W. Diers, Q. Song, P. Cregan, R. Nelson, R. Mian, J.G. Shannon, L. McHale, D. Wang, W. Schapaugh, A.J. Lorenz, S. Xu, W.M. Muir, K.M. Rainey. 2018.  Genome-wide analysis of grain yield stability and environmental interactions in a multi-parental soybean population. G3: Genes Genomes Genetics. 8:519-529. 

134. *72* Bandillo, N.B., J.E Anderson, M.B. Kantar, R.M. Stupar, J.E. Specht, G.L. Graef, and A.J. Lorenz. 2017. Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Local Adaptation in Soybean. Scientific Reports 7:1792* 

133. *222* La Menza, Nicolas Cafaro, Juan Pablo Monzon, James E. Specht, and Patricio Grassini. 2017. Is soybean yield limited by nitrogen supply? Field Crops Res. 213:204-212.

131. *194* Rattalino-Edeira, Juan I, Spyridon Mourtzinis, Shawn P Conley, Adam C Roth, Ignacio A Ciampitti,  Mark A Licht, Hans Kandel, Peter M Kyveryga, Laura E Lindsey, Daren S Mueller, Seth L Naeve, Emerson Nafziger, James E Specht, Jordan Stanley, Michael J Staton, and Patricio Grassini. 2017. Assessing causes of yield gaps in agricultural areas with diversity in climate and soils. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 247:170-180.

128. *132* Song, Q., L. Yan, C. Quigley, B.D. Jordan, E. Fickus, S. Schroeder, B.-H. Song, Y.-Q. C. An, D. Hyten, R. Nelson, K. Rainey, W.D. Beavis, J. Specht, B. Diers, and P. Cregan. 2017. Genetic characterization of the soybean nested association mapping population. Plant Genome 10:1-14. doi: 10.3835/plantgenome2016.10.0109. 

126. *108* Jarquin, Diego, James Specht, and Aaron Lorenz. 2016. Prospects of genomic prediction in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection: Historical data creates robust models for enhancing selection of accessions. G3 - Genes Genomes Genetics. 6:2329:2341. 

125. *66* Phansak, Piyaporn, Watcharin Soonsuwon, David L. Hyten, Qijian Song, Perry B. Cregan, George L. Graef, and James E. Specht. 2016. Selective Genotyping to Identify Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Seed Protein QTLs in Multiple F2 Populations. G3 - Genes Genomes Genetics 6:1635-1648.

124. *189* Grassini P, J.A. Torrion, H.S. Yang, J. Rees, D. Andersen, K.G. Cassman, and J.E. Specht. 2015. Soybean yield gaps and water productivity in the western U.S. Corn Belt. Field Crops Res. 179:150-163.

123. *234* Bandillo, Nonoy, Diego Jarquin, Qijian Song, Randall Nelson, Perry Cregan, Jim Specht, and Aaron Lorenz. 2015. A population structure and genome-wide association analysis on the USDA soybean germplasm collection. The Plant Genome 8:1-13. 

122. *96* Manavalan, L.P., S.P. Prince, T.A. Musket1, J. Chaky, R. Deshmukh, T.D. Vuong, L. Song, P.B. Cregan, J.C. Nelson, J.G. Shannon, J.E. Specht, and H.T. Nguyen. 2015. Identification of novel QTL governing root architectural traits in an interspecific soybean population. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0120490.

121. *118* Mourtzinis, Spyridon, J.E. Specht, L.E. Lindsay, W.J. Wiebold, J. Ross, E.D. Nafziger, H.J. Kandell, N. Mueller, P.L. Devillez, F.J. Arriaga, and S.P. Conley. 2015. Climate-reduced in US-wide.soybean yields underpinned by region- and in-season specific responses. Nature Plants 1: Article 140216. 

119. *198* Ping, Jieqing, Yunfeng Liu, Lianjun Sun, Meixi Zhao, Yinghui Li, Maoyun Shea, Yi Suia, Feng Lin, Xiaodong Liu, Zongxiang Tang, Hanh Nguyen, Zhixi Tian, Lijuan Qiu, Randall L. Nelson, Thomas E. Clemente, James E. Specht, and Jianxin Ma. 2014. Dt2 Is a gain-of-function MADS-domain factor gene that specifies semideterminacy in soybean. Plant Cell 26:2831-2842. 

117. *271* Rincker, Keith, Randall Nelson, James Specht, David Sleper, Troy Cary, Silvia R. Cianzio, Shaun Casteel, Shawn Conley, Pengyin Chen, Vince Davis, Carolyn Fox, George Graef, Chad Godsey, David Holshouser, Guo-Liang Jiang, Stella K. Kantartzi, William Kenworthy, Chad Lee, Rouf Mian, Leah McHale, Seth Naeve, James Orf, Vaino Poysa, William Schapaugh, Grover Shannon, Robert Uniatowski, Dechun Wang, and Brian Diers. 2014. Genetic improvement of US soybean in maturity groups II, III, and I. Crop Sci. 54:1-14. 

116. *53* Irmak, Suat, J.E. Specht, L.O. Odhiambo, J.M. Rees, and K.G. Cassman. 2014. Soybean yield, water productivity, evapotranspiration, and soil water extraction response to subsurface drip irrigation. Trans. ASABE. 57(3):729-748.

114. *137* Suhre, Justin J., Nicholas H. Weidenbenner, Scott C. Rowntree, Eric W. Wilson, Seth L. Naeve, Shawn P. Conley, Shaun N. Casteel, Brian W. Diers, Paul D. Esker, James E. Specht, and Vince M. Davis. 2014. Soybean yield partitioning changes revealed by genetic gain and seeding rate interactions. Agron. J. 100:971-976.

112. *71* Grassini P, J.A. Torrion, K.G. Cassman, H.S. Yang, and J.E. Specht. 2014. Drivers of spatial and temporal variation in soybean yield and irrigation requirements in the western US Corn Belt. Field Crops Res.163:32-46. 

111. *56* Anderson, Justin E., Michael B. Kantar, Thomas Y. Kono, Fengli Fu, Adrian O. Stec, Qijian Song, Perry B. Cregan, James E. Specht, Brian W. Diers, Steven B. Cannon, Leah K. McHale, Robert M. Stupar. 2014. A roadmap for functional structural variants in the soybean genome. G3 Genes Genomics Genetics 4:1307-1318.

109. *503* Hwang, Eun-Young, Qijian Song, Gaofeng Jia, James E. Specht, David L. Hyten, Jose Costa, Perry B. Cregan. 2014. A genome-wide association study for seed protein and oil content in soybean. BMC Genomics 15:1.

108. *78* Wilson, Eric W., Scott C. Rowntree, Justin J. Suhre, Nicholas H. Weidenbenner, Shawn P. Conley, Vince M. Davis, Brian W. Diers, Paul D. Esker, Seth L. Naeve, James E. Specht, and Shaun N. Casteel. 2014. Genetic gain x management interactions in soybean: II. Nitrogen utilization. Crop Sci. 54:340:348. 

107. *86* Irmak, S., L.O. Odhiambo, J.E. Specht, and K. Djaman. 2013. Hourly and daily single and basal evapotranspiration crop coefficients as a function of growing degree days, days after emergence, leaf area index, fractional green canopy cover, and plant phenology for soybean. Trans..ASABE 56(5): 1785-1803. 

105. *142* Roundtree, Scott C., Justin J. Suhre, Eric W. Wilson, Vince M. Davis, Shaun N. Casteel, Brian W. Diers, James E. Specht, Paul D. Esker, and Shawn P. Conley. 2013. Genetic gain x 

103. *79* Bihmidine S, J. Lin, T.N. Awada, J. Stone, J. Specht, and T.E. Clemente TE. 2013. Analyzing activity of Arabidopsis rd29A and rd29B promoters in transgenic soybean plants. Planta 237:55-64. 

96. *146* Setiyono, T.D., K.G. Cassman, J.E. Specht, A. Dobermann, A. Weiss, A., H. Yang, S.P. Conley, A.P. Robinson, P. Pedersen, and J.L. De Bruin. 2010. Simulation of soybean growth and yield under near optimal growth conditions. Field Crop Research 119:161–174. 

95. *780* Severin, Andrew J., Jenna L Woody, Yung-Tsi Bolon, Bindu Joseph, Brian W Diers, Andrew D Farmer, Gary J Muehlbauer, Rex T Nelson, David Grant, James E Specht, Michelle A Graham, Steven B Cannon, Gregory D May, Carroll P Vance, and Randy C Shoemaker. 2010. RNA-Seq Atlas of Glycine max: A guide to the soybean transcriptome. BMC Plant Biology 2010, 10:160 (pp. 1-16). 

94. *376* Hyten, David L., Ik-Young Choi, Qijian Songa, James E. Specht, Thomas E. Carter, Jr., Randy C. Shoemaker, Eun-Young Hwang, Lakshmi K. Matukumallif, and Perry B. Cregan. 2010. A high density integrated genetic linkage map of soybean and the development of a 1536 universal soy linkage panel for quantitative trait locus mapping. Crop Sci. 50:960-968. 

93. *463* Tian, Zhixi, Xiaobo Wang, Rian Lee, Yinhue Lee, James E. Specht, Randall L. Nelson, Phillip E. McClean, Lijuan Qui, and Jianxin Ma. 2010. Artificial selection for determinate stem growth habit in soybean. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107:8563-8568. 

92. *137* Bolon, Yung-Tsi, Bindu Joseph, Steven B. Cannon, Michelle A. Graham, Brian W. Diers, Andrew D. Farmer, Gregory D. May, Gary J. Muehlbauer, James E. Specht, Zheng Jin Tue, Nathan Weeks, Wayne W. Xu, Randy C. Shoemaker, and Carroll P. Vance. 2010. Complementary genetic and genomic approaches help characterize the linkage group I seed protein QTL in near-isogenic soybean lines. BMC Plant Biology 10:41 (pp. 1-24). 

91. *330* Hyten, D.L., S.B. Cannon, Q. Song, N. Weeks, E.W. Fickus, R.C. Shoemaker, J.E. Specht, G. May, and P.B. Cregan. 2010. High-Throughput SNP Discovery through Deep Resequencing of a Reduced Representation Library to Anchor and Orient Scaffolds in the Whole Soybean Genome Sequence. BMC Genomics 11:38 (pp. 1-8). 

90. *4946* Schmutz, Jeremy, Steven B. Cannon, Jessica Schlueter, Jianxin Ma, David Hyten, Qijian Song, Therese Mitros, Will Nelson, Gregory D. May, Navdeep Gill, Myron Peto, David Goodstein, Jay J. Helen, Jianlin Cheng, Tetsya Sakurai, Taishi Umezawa, Jianchang Du, Madan Bhattacharyya, Devinder Sandhu, David Grant, Trupti Joshi, Marc Libault, Xue-Cheng Zhang, Dong Xu, Montona Futrell-Griggs, Brian Abernathy, Uffe Hellsten,,Kerrie Berry, Jane Grimwood, Rod A. Wing, Perry Cregan, Gary Stacey, James Specht, Dan Rokhsar, Randy C. Shoemaker, Scott A. Jackson. 2010. Genome sequence of the paleopolyploid soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Nature 463:178-183. 

89. *185* Salvagiotti, F., J. E. Specht, K. G. Cassman, D.T. Walters, A. Weiss, and A. Dobermann. 2009. Growth and nitrogen fixation in high-yielding soybean - Impact of N fertilization. Agron. J. 101:958-970. 

88. *293* Hyten, D.L., Q. Song, I.-Y Choi1, M.-S. Yoon, J.E. Specht, L.K. Matukumalli, R.L. Nelson, R.C. Shoemaker, N.D. Young, and P.B. Cregan. 2008. High-throughput genotyping with the GoldenGate assay in the complex genome of soybean. Theor. Appl. Genet. 116:945-952. 

87. *134* Setiyono, T.D., A. Weiss, J.E. Specht, K.G. Cassman, and A. Dobermann. 2008. Leaf area index simulation in soybean grown under near-optimal conditions. Field Crop Res. 108:82-92. 

86. *1520* Salvagiotti, F., K.G. Cassman, J.E. Specht, D.T. Walters, A. Weiss, and A. Dobermann. 2008. Nitrogen uptake, fixation, and response to fertilizer N in soybeans: A review. Field Crop Res. 108:1-13. 

85.*326* Bastidas, A.M., T.D. Setiyono, A. Dobermann, K.G. Cassman, R.W. Elmore, G.L. Graef, and J.E. Specht. 2008. Soybean sowing date: The vegetative, reproductive, and agronomic impacts. Crop Sci. 48:727-740. 

84. *405* Choi, I.-Y., D.L. Hyten, L.K. Matukumalli, Q. Song, J.M. Chaky, C.V. Quigley, K. Chase, K.G. Lark, R.S. Reiter, M.-S. Yoon, E.-Y. Hwang, S.-I. Yi, N.D. Young, R.C. Shoemaker, C.P. van Tassell, J.E. Specht, and P.B. Cregan. 2007. A soybean transcript map: Gene distribution, haplotype, and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Genetics 176:685-696. 

83. *230* Hyten, D.L., I.-Y. Choi, Q. Song, R.C. Shoemaker, R.L. Nelson, J.M. Costa, J.E. Specht, and P.B. Cregan. 2007. Highly Variable Patterns of Linkage Disequilibrium in Multiple Soybean Populations. Genetics 175:1937-1944. 

82. *63* Yoon, M.S., Q.J. Song, I.-Y. Choi, J. E. Specht, D.L. Hyten, and P.B. Cregan. 2007. BARCSoySNP23: A panel of 23 selected SNPs for soybean cultivar identification. Theor. Appl. Genet. 114:885-899. 

81. *337* Setiyono, T., A. Weiss, J. Specht, A.M. Bastidas, K.G. Cassman, and A. Dobermann. 2007. Understanding and modeling the effect of temperature and daylength on soybean phenology under high-yield conditions. Field Crop Res. 100:257-271. 

80. *888* Hyten, D.L., Q. Song, Y. Zhu, I.-Y. Choi, R.L. Nelson, J.M. Costa, J.E. Specht, R.C. Shoemaker, and P.B. Cregan. 2006. Impacts of genetic bottlenecks on soybean genome diversity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 16666–16671. 

79. *188* Nichols, D.M., K.D. Glover, S.R. Carlson, J.E. Specht, and B.W. Diers. 2006. Fine mapping of a seed protein QTL on soybean linkage group I and its correlated effects on agronomic traits. Crop Sci. 46:834-839. 

77. *1161* Song, Q. J., L.F. Marek, R.C. Shoemaker, K.G. Lark, V.C. Concibido, X. Delannay, J.E. Specht, and P.B. Cregan. 2004. A new genetic linkage map for soybean. Theor. Appl. Genet. 109:122-128. 

76. *64* Mater, Y., S. Baenziger, K. Gill, R. Graybosch, L. Whitcher, C. Baker, J. Specht, and I. Dweikat. 2004. Linkage mapping of powdery mildew and greenbug resistance genes on recombinant 1RS from 'Amigo' and 'Kavkaz' wheat-rye translocations of chromosome 1RS.1AL. Genome 47:292:298. 

75. *448* Chung, J., H.L. Babka, G.L. Graef, P.E. Staswick, D.J. Lee, P.B. Cregan, R.C. Shoemaker, and J.E. Specht. 2003. The Seed Protein, Oil, and Yield QTL on Soybean Linkage Group I. Crop Sci. 43:1053-1067.

71. *150* Demirbas, A., B.G. Rector, D.G. Lohnes, G.L. Graef, P.B. Cregan, R.C. Shoemaker, and J.E. Specht. 2001. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Linked to the Soybean Rps Genes for Phytophthora Resistance. Crop Sci. 41:1229-1227. 

70. *759* Specht, J.E., K. Chase, M. Macrander, G.L. Graef, J. Chung, J.P. Markwell, M. Germann, J.H. Orf, and K.G. Lark. 2001. Soybean response to water: A QTL analysis of drought tolerance. Crop Sci. 41:493-509. 

69. *269* Arahana, V.A., G.L. Graef, J.E. Specht, J.R. Steadman, and K.M. Eskridge. 2001. Identification of QTLs for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Crop Sci. 41:180-188. 

67. *639* Specht, J.E., D.J. Hume, and S.V. Kumudini. 1999. Soybean yield potential - A genetic and physiological perspective. Crop Sci. 39:1560-1570. 

66. *1399* Cregan, P.B., T. Jarvik, A.L. Bush, R.C. Shoemaker, K.G. Lark, A.L. Kahler, N. Kaya, T.T. VanToai, D.G. Lohnes, J. Chung, and J.E. Specht. 1999. An integrated genetic linkage map of the soybean. Crop Sci. 39:1464-1490. 

65. *53* Lee, J.M., A.L. Bush, J.E. Specht, and R.C. Shoemaker. 1999. Mapping of duplicate genes in soybean. Genome 42:829-836.

62. *91* Chung, J. J., Lee, K. Arumuganathan, G.L. Graef, and J.E. Specht. 1998. Relationships between nuclear DNA content and seed and leaf size in soybean. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96:1064-1068. 

60. *99* Haile, F.J., L.G. Higley, J.E. Specht, and S.M. Spomer. 1998. Soybean leaf morphology and defoliation tolerance. Agron. J. 90:353-362. 

59. *121* Haile, F.J., L.G. Higley, and J.E. Specht. 1998. Soybean cultivars and insect defoliation: Yield loss and economic injury levels. Agron. J. 90:344-352. 

55. *456* Shoemaker, R.C., K. Polzin, J. Labate, J. Specht, E.C. Brummer, T. Olson, N. Young, V. Concibido, J. Wilcox, J.P. Tamulonis, G. Kochert, and H.R. Boerma. 1996. Genome duplication in soybean (Glycine subgenus soja). Genetics 144:329-339. 

51. *437* Akkaya, M.S., R.C. Shoemaker, J.E. Specht, A.A. Bhagwat, and P.B. Cregan. 1995. Integration of simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers into a soybean linkage map. Crop Sci. 35:1439-1445. 

50. *98* Lorenzen, L.L., S. Boutin, N. Young, J.E. Specht, R.C. Shoemaker. 1995. Soybean pedigree analysis using map-based molecular markers. I. Tracking chromosomal regions. Crop Sci. 35:1326-1336. 

47. *254* Shoemaker, R.C. and J.E. Specht. 1995. Integration of the soybean molecular and classical genetic linkage groups. Crop Sci. 35:436-446. 

41. *91* Shoemaker, R.C., Guffy, R.D., L.L. Lorenzen, and J.E. Specht. 1992. Molecular genetic mapping of soybean: Map utilization. Crop Sci. 32:1091-1098. 

35. *59* Muehlbauer, G.J., P.E. Staswick, J.E. Specht, G.L. Graef, R.C. Shoemaker, and P. Keim. 1991. RFLP mapping in the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) using near-isogenic lines. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:189-198. 

32. *58* Specht, J.E., R.W. Elmore, D.E. Eisenhauer, and N.W. Klocke. 1989. Growth stage scheduling criteria for sprinkler-irrigated soybeans. Irrig. Sci. 10:99-111. 

31. *162* Muehlbauer, G.J., J.E. Specht, M.A. Thomas-Compton, P.E. Staswick, and R.L. Bernard. 1988. Near-isogenic lines - A potential resource in the integration of conventional and molecular marker linkage maps. Crop Sci. 28:729-735. 

29. *104* Specht, J.E., J.H. Williams, and C.J. Weidenbenner. 1986. Differential responses of soybean genotypes subjected to a seasonal soil water gradient. Crop Sci. 26:922-934. 

24. *73* Clawson, K.L., J.E. Specht, and B.L. Blad. 1986. Growth analysis of soybean isolines differing in pubescence density. Agron. J. 78:164-172. 

22. *149* Kadhem, F.A., J.E. Specht, and J.H. Williams. 1985. Soybean irrigation serially timed during stages R1 to R6. II. Yield component responses. Agron. J. 77:299-304. 

17. *137* Rose, S.J., O.C. Burnside, J.E. Specht, and B.A. Swisher. 1984. Competition and allelopathy between soybeans and weeds. Agron. J. 76:523-528. 

15. *194* Korte, L.L., J.E. Specht, J.H. Williams, and R.C. Sorenson. 1983. Irrigation of soybean genotypes during reproductive ontogeny. II. Yield component responses. Crop Sci. 23:528-533. 

14. *152* Korte, L.L., J.H. Williams, J.E. Specht, and R.C. Sorenson. 1983. Irrigation of soybean genotypes during reproductive ontogeny. I. Agronomic responses. Crop Sci. 23:521-527. 

13. *77* Baldocchi, D.D., S.B. Verma, N.J. Rosenberg, B.L. Blad, A. Garay, and J.E. Specht. 1983. Leaf pubescence effects on the mass and energy exchange between soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) canopies and the atmosphere. Agron. J. 75:543-548. 

12. *51* Baldocchi, D.D., S.B. Verma, N.J. Rosenberg, B.L. Blad, A. Garay, and J.E. Specht. 1983. Influence of water stress on the diurnal exchange of mass and energy between the atmosphere and a soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) canopy. Agron. J. 75:537-543. 

10. *62* Hartung, R.C., J.E. Specht, and J.H. Williams. 1981. Modification of soybean plant architecture by genes for stem growth habit and maturity. Crop Sci. 21:51-56. 

06. *89* Martineau, J.R., J.H. Williams, and J.E. Specht. 1979. Temperature tolerance in soybeans. II. Evaluation of segregating populations for membrane thermostability. Crop Sci. 19:79-81. 

05.*371* Martineau, J.R., J.E. Specht, J.H. Williams, and C.Y. Sullivan. 1979. Temperature tolerance in soybeans. I. Evaluation of a technique for assessing cellular membrane thermostability. Crop Sci. 19:75-78. 

04. *63* Gorz, H.J., W.L. Haag, J.E. Specht, and F.A. Haskins. 1977. Assay of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde as a measure of hydrocyanic acid potential in sorghums. Crop Sci. 17:578-582.